Tension type headaches
are the most common, affecting upwards of 75% of all headache sufferers. Most
people describe a tension headache as a constant dull, achy feeling either on
one side or both sides of the head, often described as a feeling of a tight
band or dull ache around the head or behind the eyes. These headaches usually
begin slowly and gradually and can last for minutes or days, and tend to begin
in the middle or toward the end of the day. Tension headaches are often the
result of stress or bad posture, which stresses the spine and muscles in the
upper back and neck.
Tension headaches, or
stress headaches, can last from 30 minutes to several days. In some cases,
chronic tension headaches may persist for many months. Although the pain can at
times be severe, tension headaches are usually not associated with other
symptoms, such as nausea, throbbing or vomiting.
The most common cause
of tension headaches is subluxations in the upper back and neck, especially the
upper neck, usually in combination with active trigger points. When the top
cervical vertebrae lose their normal motion or position, a small muscle called
the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPM) muscle goes into spasm. The problem
is that this small muscle has a tendon which slips between the upper neck and
the base of the skull and attaches to a thin pain-sensitive tissue called the
dura mater that covers the brain.
Although the brain
itself has no feeling, the dura mater is very pain-sensitive. Consequently,
when the RCPM muscle goes into spasm and its tendon tugs at the dura mater, a
headache occurs. People who hold desk jobs will tend to suffer from headaches
for this reason.
Another cause of
tension type headaches comes from referred pain from trigger points in the
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) or levator muscle on the side of the neck. These are
much more common in people who suffer a whiplash injury due to the muscle
damage in the neck region.